Bulimia & Binge Eating Self Help

Self help guide for Bulimia or binge eating, using effective CBT strategies. Make sense of the problem, then learn how to make positive changes

Bulimia Self Help - this page as PDF

Bulimia usually affects more women than men, and often starts in the late teens or early twenties following a strict diet or stressful life event. The individual most likely has a poor self-image, and places much emphasis on needing to be thin to be attractive.

In bulimia, the individual will try to control their weight by restricting their diet, but then crave food and binge eat. This is followed by vomiting, over-exercising or taking pills (laxatives, diuretics, diet), and are often of normal weight.

Binge eating can occur in the same way as bulimia, but there is no use of weight-controlling strategies such as vomiting, laxatives, over-exercise, and individuals are often over-weight. Others binge eat as a way of coping with distressing emotions: extreme "comfort eating", but binge eating ends up making them feel worse about themselves.

Common thoughts, physical symptoms, emotions and behaviours are:

Thoughts

Negative self beliefs: Judge self by what I eat and look like
Strict and rigid rules about what I can can eat (impossible to stick to) - I must stick rigidly to my diet regime
Focus of attention is taken up with food and eating
What I should or shouldn't eat
Self-critical thoughts when don't keep to rules: I'm a failure, I'm useless and weak, I'm worthless
I'm unattractive and unlovable
If I start eating, I won't be able to stop - I'm out of control
If I'm not perfect, then I'm a complete failure
If I eat, I'll feel better

Physical symptoms

Weight gain - weight can vary due to alternating bingeing and dieting
Nausea, bloating, abdominal pain
Dizziness
Dry and flaky skin
Difficulty concentrating
Sleeping problems
Dehydration
Tired, weak, run-down
Damage to teeth - sensitive, discoloured.
Mouth sores
Swollen hands or feet
Sore throat, hoarse voice
Swollen cheeks
Long term: (bulimia) anaemia, kidney damage, lack of menstrual periods, cardiac failure, loss of teeth, stomach ulcers, risk of rupture of stomach and oesophagus, heart problems
Long term: (binge eating) obesity and associated health problems, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease

Emotions

Behaviours

Over-eating, often in the evenings
Controlling food intake: try to stick to rigid diet, fail, then binge
Don't eat normal meals
Eat alone, perhaps at night, secretively
Attempts to control weight (bulimia): Vomiting after eating, Disguising sound (run taps, flush toilet) and smell of vomiting (air-freshener, mints, perfume, mouthwash); Using laxatives, diet or diuretic pills; Exercising too much to try to control weight gain, or crash diets

Vicious cycle of Bulimia - what keeps it going?

Vicious Cycle of Binge Eating - similar, but no purging

Before starting any self-help plan, particularly one that includes a diet and exercise plan - see your GP (or other appropriate health professional).

Doing things differently

Spend some time working out the times when you're most likely to binge - notice the thoughts that you often seem to have, the physical sensations, the emotions and how you react to them - then do something differently at those times. See this page
Do something that takes up your attention - Mindful Activity
Compromise - eat a small portion if you really can't resist
Get healthier food in, rather than sugar-rich foods
Drink 6 - 8 glasses of water each day
Seek help - others will support you
Keep a food diary (PDF) to assess your current intake, then...
Create a simple menu plan with a suitable health professional - and stick to it! E.g. 3 meals and 3 snacks per day
Weigh yourself no more often than weekly
Exercise contract - again, agreed with a suitable health professional. Stick to it! (Guide - 30 minutes of moderate exercise each day, include e.g. getting off the bus one stop early, taking stairs instead of lift)
Use medication appropriately and only as prescribed - avoid laxatives, diet pills, diuretics
Eat with trusted family and friends rather than isolate yourself
Don't rush food - sit down and eat slowly, enjoying the taste. Eat Mindfully
Reward and treat yourself with something other than food when you've done well - something relaxing or fun
Use a Cravings Diary (PDF) to help you do things differently
Colour Breathing
Use relaxing and self help mp3s

Thinking differently

STOPP! Pause, take a breath, don't react automatically

Understanding links between thoughts, feelings and behaviours - see CBT self help courses

Positive Self-talk - encourage yourself, tell yourself: I can do this, I am strong and capable - find an affirmation that works for you (even if you don't believe it at first!). Write it down and memorise it for when you need it. See Affirmations

Be aware of those unhelpful thinking habits, including "compare and despair" - comparing yourself to others which trigger upsetting thoughts

Ask yourself:

Is this fact or opinion?
Is this the

Am I doing that "compare and despair" thing where I compare myself to others, which makes me feel bad about myself?

Is there another way of looking at this?
Am I getting things out of proportion?
Am I underestimating my ability to cope?
Am I mind-reading what others might be thinking?
Flexible Thinking
Am I doing that black-and-white thinking? There are shades of grey! I don't have to be 100% perfect, it's ok to be just ok.
What advice would I give someone else in this situation?
Am I putting more pressure on myself, setting up expectations of myself that are almost impossible? What would be more realistic?
Just because I feel bad, doesn't mean things really are bad.
What do I want or need from this person or situation? What do they want or need from me? Is there a compromise?
What would be the consequences of responding the way I usually do?
Is there another way of dealing with this? What would be the most helpful and effective action to take? (for me, for the situation, for the other person)
Am I exaggerating the good aspects of others, and putting myself down? Or am I exaggerating the negative and minimising the positives? How would someone else see it? What’s the bigger picture?

When dealing with cravings or trying to break a binge:

STOPP! Pause, take a breath
Use Mindfulness
Mindful Breathing
NOW - mindfulness for busy people
Drink a large glass of water, iced tea or vegetable juice, and pause
Write down what you eat whilst you binge

Focus your attention fully on another activity - Mindful Activity
Do something different (to what you normally do)
If you carry on eating, eat very slowly, and mindfully. Eat foods that take more chewing such as raw vegetables

Relaxation Techniques - try lots and find one that works for you

Put on some music - sing and dance along, or just listen attentively (use music that is likely to help you feel your desired emotion - avoid sad songs if you're depressed)
Meditation or Prayer
Help others
Be with others - contact a friend, visit family
Use grounding techniques or hold a comforting object.

Engage in a hobby or other interest - if you don't have one, find one! What have you enjoyed in the past? What have you sometimes thought about doing but not got around to?
Write down your thoughts and feelings - get them out of your head
Just take one step at a time - don't plan too far ahead

Pamper yourself - do something you really enjoy, or do something relaxing

Do something creative - make a box of items that remind you to use the techniques that help, or put photos on paper, or write and decorate a list
Use Safe Place Imagery
Colour Breathing
Tell yourself: "This will pass, it's only temporary". "I've got through this before, I can do it now". When we're going through a tunnel and become fearful of being trapped, there's no point in stopping - we just have to carry on in order to reach the end of the tunnel. That light is there, and waiting!
Find an alternative and healthier way of dealing with distress PDF
If you have a setback and binge - tell yourself it's ok, it's only once - don't dwell on it too much (other than see what triggered it so that you can then get back onto your self help plan)
Use relaxing and self help mp3s